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<h1 class="mume-header" id="%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%81%E5%80%BC%E5%92%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%81%E5%90%91%E9%87%8Findexhtml"><a href="./index.html">&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x503C;&#x548C;&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x5411;&#x91CF;</a></h1>

<ul>
<li><a href="#%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%81%E5%80%BC%E5%92%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%81%E5%90%91%E9%87%8Findexhtml">&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x503C;&#x548C;&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x5411;&#x91CF;</a>
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<li><a href="#%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89">&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;</a></li>
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<p><a href="https://www.bilibili.com/video/av6540378">&#x7EBF;&#x6027;&#x4EE3;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x672C;&#x8D28;&#xFF1A;&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x503C;&#x548C;&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x5411;&#x91CF;</a></p>
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<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>&#x3BE;</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo><mtext>&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;</mtext><mi>&#x3BE;</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">&#x2260;</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A&#x3BB;=&#x3BB;&#x3BE;, \ \ \ \ \ \ &#x3BE; \neq 0</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8888799999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.04601em;">&#x3BE;</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.04601em;">&#x3BE;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel"><span class="mrel"><span class="mord"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.69444em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="rlap"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8888799999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="inner"><span class="mrel">&#xE020;</span></span><span class="fix"></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mrel">=</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<h2 class="mume-header" id="%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89">&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;</h2>

<p><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>&#x3BE;</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo><mtext>&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;</mtext><mi>&#x3BE;</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">&#x2260;</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A&#x3BB;=&#x3BB;&#x3BE;, \ \ \ &#x3BE; \neq 0</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8888799999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.04601em;">&#x3BE;</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.04601em;">&#x3BE;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel"><span class="mrel"><span class="mord"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.69444em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="rlap"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8888799999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="inner"><span class="mrel">&#xE020;</span></span><span class="fix"></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mrel">=</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mtable rowspacing="0.15999999999999992em" columnalign="left" columnspacing="1em"><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mo lspace="0em" rspace="0em">&#x21D2;</mo></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>E</mi><mi>&#x3BE;</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>&#x3BE;</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mo lspace="0em" rspace="0em">&#x21D2;</mo></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>E</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mi>&#x3BE;</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mo lspace="0em" rspace="0em">&#x21D2;</mo></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>E</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>A</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr></mtable><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\begin{array}{l}
    &#x21D2; &amp; &#x3BB;E&#x3BE;-A&#x3BE; = 0
\\
\\  &#x21D2; &amp; (&#x3BB;E-A)&#x3BE; = 0
\\
\\  &#x21D2; &amp; |&#x3BB;E-A| = 0
\\
\end{array}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:6.000000000000001em;vertical-align:-2.7500000000000004em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="col-align-l"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:3.2500000000000004em;"><span style="top:-5.410000000000001em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mrel">&#x21D2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.21em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"></span></span><span style="top:-3.01em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mrel">&#x21D2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-1.8099999999999998em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"></span></span><span style="top:-0.6099999999999997em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mrel">&#x21D2;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.7500000000000004em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:3.2500000000000004em;"><span style="top:-5.410000000000001em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.04601em;">&#x3BE;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.04601em;">&#x3BE;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0100000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.04601em;">&#x3BE;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span><span style="top:-0.6100000000000001em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.75em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x503C;</th>
<th style="text-align:center">&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x5411;&#x91CF;</th>
<th style="text-align:center">&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x591A;&#x9879;&#x5F0F;</th>
<th style="text-align:center">&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x65B9;&#x7A0B;</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">&#x3BB;</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>&#x3BE;</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">&#x3BE;</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8888799999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.04601em;">&#x3BE;</span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi><mrow><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>E</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>A</mi></mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\vert{&#x3BB;E-A}\vert</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span></span></span></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi><mrow><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>E</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>A</mi></mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\vert{&#x3BB;E-A}\vert=0</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x591A;&#x9879;&#x5F0F;</strong></p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mtable rowspacing="0.15999999999999992em" columnalign="left" columnspacing="1em"><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi><mrow><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>E</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>A</mi></mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr></mtable><mtable rowspacing="0.15999999999999992em" columnalign="left" columnspacing="1em"><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo>=</mo><msubsup><mo>&#x2211;</mo><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow><mi>n</mi></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mi>k</mi></msup><mi>t</mi><msup><mi>r</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><msup><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>k</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo>=</mo><msup><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>n</mi></msup><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>t</mi><msup><mi>r</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><msup><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>+</mo><mo>&#x22EF;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mi>n</mi></msup><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi><mi>A</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr></mtable></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\begin{array}{l}
    |{&#x3BB;E-A}|
    \\ \\
\end{array}
\begin{array}{l}
\\  = \sum\limits_{k=0}^{n} (-1)^k tr^{[k]} (A) &#x3BB;^{n-k}
\\
\\  =  &#x3BB;^n - tr^{[1]}(A)&#x3BB;^{n-1} + \cdots + (-1)^n|A|
\end{array}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:6.001510000000001em;vertical-align:-2.7507550000000003em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="col-align-l"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.45em;"><span style="top:-3.61em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.4099999999999997em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9500000000000004em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="col-align-l"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:3.2507550000000003em;"><span style="top:-5.762152em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.351397em;"></span><span class="mord"></span></span><span style="top:-4.0507550000000005em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.351397em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mop op-limits"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.351397em;"><span style="top:-2.097887em;margin-left:0em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span><span class="mrel mtight">=</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.000005em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span><span class="mop op-symbol small-op">&#x2211;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.950005em;margin-left:0em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.002113em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.849108em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8879999999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mopen mtight">[</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span><span class="mclose mtight">]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8491079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span><span class="mbin mtight">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.2086419999999998em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.351397em;"></span><span class="mord"></span></span><span style="top:-0.9606419999999998em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.351397em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.664392em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8879999999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mopen mtight">[</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span><span class="mclose mtight">]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span><span class="mbin mtight">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="minner">&#x22EF;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.664392em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.7507550000000003em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><strong>&#x6027;&#x8D28;</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mo>&#x2211;</mo><mrow><mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mi>n</mi></msubsup><msub><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><msubsup><mo>&#x2211;</mo><mrow><mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mi>n</mi></msubsup><msub><mi>a</mi><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\sum_{i=1}^{n}&#x3BB;_i = tr(A) = \sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}a_{ii}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.104002em;vertical-align:-0.29971000000000003em;"></span><span class="mop"><span class="mop op-symbol small-op" style="position:relative;top:-0.0000050000000000050004em;">&#x2211;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.804292em;"><span style="top:-2.40029em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span><span class="mrel mtight">=</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.2029em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.29971000000000003em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.329066em;vertical-align:-0.9776689999999999em;"></span><span class="mop op-limits"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.3513970000000004em;"><span style="top:-2.122331em;margin-left:0em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span><span class="mrel mtight">=</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0000050000000003em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span><span class="mop op-symbol small-op">&#x2211;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.950005em;margin-left:0em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9776689999999999em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">a</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mo>&#x220F;</mo><mrow><mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mi>n</mi></msubsup><msub><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi><mi>A</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\prod_{i=1}^{n}&#x3BB;_i=|A|</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.104002em;vertical-align:-0.29971000000000003em;"></span><span class="mop"><span class="mop op-symbol small-op" style="position:relative;top:-0.0000050000000000050004em;">&#x220F;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.804292em;"><span style="top:-2.40029em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span><span class="mrel mtight">=</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.2029em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.29971000000000003em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span></span></span></span></li>
<li>&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x503C;&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x5411;&#x91CF;&#x7EBF;&#x6027;&#x65E0;&#x5173;</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="mume-header" id="%E9%87%8D%E6%95%B0">&#x91CD;&#x6570;</h2>

<p><strong>&#x51E0;&#x4F55;&#x91CD;&#x6570;</strong></p>
<p>&#x5982;&#x679C;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span>&#x7684;&#x5C5E;&#x4E8E;&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x503C;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">&#x3BB;_s</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.84444em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>&#x7684;&#x7EBF;&#x6027;&#x65E0;&#x5173;&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x5411;&#x91CF;&#x6709;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">s</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">s</span></span></span></span>&#x4E2A;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x79F0;&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x503C;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">&#x3BB;_s</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.84444em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>&#x7684;<strong>&#x51E0;&#x4F55;&#x91CD;&#x6570;</strong>&#x662F;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">s</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">s</span></span></span></span>&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x4EE3;&#x6570;&#x91CD;&#x6570;</strong></p>
<p>&#x5982;&#x679C;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">&#x3BB;_m</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.84444em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>&#x662F;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span>&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x65B9;&#x7A0B;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>E</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>A</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">|&#x3BB;E-A| = 0</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span></span>&#x7684;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">m</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">m</span></span></span></span>&#x91CD;&#x6839;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x79F0;&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x503C;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">&#x3BB;_m</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.84444em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x6570;&#x91CD;&#x6570;&#x662F;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">m</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">m</span></span></span></span>&#x3002;</p>
<h2 class="mume-header" id="%E7%9B%B8%E4%BC%BC%E5%AF%B9%E8%A7%92%E5%8C%96">&#x76F8;&#x4F3C;&#x5BF9;&#x89D2;&#x5316;</h2>

<p>&#x82E5;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span>&#x76F8;&#x4F3C;&#x4E8E;&#x5BF9;&#x89D2;&#x9635;&#xFF08;&#x8BB0;&#x4F5C;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#x223C;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x39B;</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A&#x223C;&#x39B;</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&#x223C;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x39B;</span></span></span></span>&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x79F0;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span>&#x53EF;&#x76F8;&#x4F3C;&#x5BF9;&#x89D2;&#x5316;&#xFF0C;&#x79F0;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span>&#x4E3A;<strong>&#x5355;&#x7EAF;&#x77E9;&#x9635;</strong>&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x5145;&#x8981;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span>&#x6709;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">n</span></span></span></span>&#x4E2A;&#x7EBF;&#x6027;&#x65E0;&#x5173;&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x5411;&#x91CF;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mtext>&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;</mtext><mo>&#x21D4;</mo><mtext>&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;</mtext></mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{ \ \ \ &#x21D4; \ \ \ }A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mrel">&#x21D4;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span>&#x53EF;&#x76F8;&#x4F3C;&#x5BF9;&#x89D2;&#x5316;</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>&#x5145;&#x5206;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span>&#x6709;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">n</span></span></span></span>&#x4E2A;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x503C;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mtext>&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;</mtext><mo>&#x21D2;</mo><mtext>&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;</mtext></mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{ \ \ \ &#x21D2; \ \ \ }A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mrel">&#x21D2;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span>&#x53EF;&#x76F8;&#x4F3C;&#x5BF9;&#x89D2;&#x5316;</li>
<li><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">&#x3BB;_i</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.84444em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>&#x662F;&#x77E9;&#x9635;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span>&#x7684;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">m_i</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.58056em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">m</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>&#x91CD;&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x4E14;&#x6EE1;&#x8DB3;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow><mtext>&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;</mtext><mo>&#x21D2;</mo><mtext>&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;</mtext></mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">m_i = n-r(A-&#x3BB;_iE){ \ \ \ &#x21D2; \ \ \ }A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.58056em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">m</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.66666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">n</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mord"><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mrel">&#x21D2;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span>&#x53EF;&#x76F8;&#x4F3C;&#x5BF9;&#x89D2;&#x5316;</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="mume-header" id="%E5%9C%86%E7%9B%98%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86">&#x5706;&#x76D8;&#x5B9A;&#x7406;</h2>

<blockquote>
<p><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi><mi>i</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi><mo>=</mo><msqrt><mrow><msup><mi>a</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><msup><mi>b</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></msqrt></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">|a+bi| = \sqrt{a^2 + b^2}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span><span class="mord mathdefault">a</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">b</span><span class="mord mathdefault">i</span><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.04em;vertical-align:-0.12661100000000003em;"></span><span class="mord sqrt"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.913389em;"><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord" style="padding-left:0.833em;"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">a</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.740108em;"><span style="top:-2.9890000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">b</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.740108em;"><span style="top:-2.9890000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.873389em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="min-width:0.853em;height:1.08em;"><svg width="400em" height="1.08em" viewBox="0 0 400000 1080" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin slice"><path d="M95,702
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</blockquote>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86">&#x5B9A;&#x7406;</h3>

<p>&#x4EE5;&#x77E9;&#x9635;&#x7B2C;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">i</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.65952em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">i</span></span></span></span>&#x884C;&#x7B2C;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">i</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.65952em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">i</span></span></span></span>&#x4E2A;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x7684;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(a,b)</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathdefault">a</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">b</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span>&#x4E3A;&#x5706;&#x5FC3;&#xFF08;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">a</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">a</span></span></span></span>&#x4E3A;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x5B9E;&#x90E8;&#x3001;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">b</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">b</span></span></span></span>&#x4E3A;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x865A;&#x90E8;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x7B2C;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">i</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.65952em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">i</span></span></span></span>&#x884C;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x7684;&#x6A21;&#x7684;&#x548C;&#x4E3A;&#x534A;&#x5F84;&#xFF0C;&#x523B;&#x753B;&#x26AA;&#xFF08;&#x5B9E;&#x8FB9;&#xFF09;&#x5230;&#x590D;&#x5E73;&#x9762;&#x4E0A;&#x3002;&#x5219;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">n</span></span></span></span>&#x9636;&#x77E9;&#x9635;&#x53EF;&#x753B;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">n</span></span></span></span>&#x4E2A;&#x5706;&#x76D8;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x5B9A;&#x7406;1</strong></p>
<p>&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x503C;&#x5C5E;&#x4E8E;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x26AA;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x96C6;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x5B9A;&#x7406;2</strong></p>
<p>&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x8FDE;&#x7EED;&#x7684;&#x72EC;&#x7ACB;&#x7684;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#xFF0C;&#x6709;&#x51E0;&#x4E2A;&#x26AA;&#x5C31;&#x6709;&#x51E0;&#x4E2A;&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x503C;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E6%80%A7%E8%B4%A8">&#x6027;&#x8D28;</h3>

<ul>
<li><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">n</span></span></span></span>&#x4E2A;&#x5706;&#x76D8;&#x90FD;&#x4E0D;&#x76F8;&#x4EA4;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mtext>&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;</mtext><mo>&#x21D2;</mo><mtext>&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;</mtext></mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{ \ \ \ &#x21D2; \ \ \ }A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mrel">&#x21D2;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span>&#x53EF;&#x76F8;&#x4F3C;&#x5BF9;&#x89D2;&#x5316;</li>
<li>&#x82E5;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span>&#x4E3A;&#x5B9E;&#x77E9;&#x9635;&#xFF0C;&#x5BF9;&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x591A;&#x9879;&#x5F0F;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x5206;&#x89E3;
<ul>
<li>&#x5206;&#x89E3;&#x51FA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4E00;&#x6B21;&#x9879;&#xFF0C;&#x51FA;&#x6765;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5B9E;&#x6839;</li>
<li>&#x5206;&#x89E3;&#x51FA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4E8C;&#x6B21;&#x9879;&#xFF0C;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x4E00;&#x5BF9;&#x865A;&#x6839;&#xFF0C;&#x5373;<strong>&#x5B9E;&#x77E9;&#x9635;&#x865A;&#x6839;&#x4E00;&#x51FA;&#x51FA;&#x4E00;&#x5BF9;</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">n</span></span></span></span>&#x4E2A;&#x5706;&#x76D8;&#x90FD;&#x4E0D;&#x76F8;&#x4EA4;&#x4E14;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span>&#x662F;&#x5B9E;&#x77E9;&#x9635;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mtext>&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;</mtext><mo>&#x21D2;</mo><mtext>&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;</mtext></mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{ \ \ \ &#x21D2; \ \ \ }A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mrel">&#x21D2;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span>&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x503C;&#x5168;&#x662F;&#x5B9E;&#x6570;</li>
</ul>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E4%BE%8B1">&#x4F8B;1</h4>

<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>=</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">[</mo><mtable rowspacing="0.15999999999999992em" columnalign="center" columnspacing="1em"><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mn>1</mn></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mstyle></mrow></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mstyle></mrow></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mn>0</mn></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mstyle></mrow></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>3</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mstyle></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mi>i</mi></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mn>0</mn></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mn>0</mn></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mi>i</mi><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mstyle></mrow></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mn>5</mn></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mi>i</mi><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mstyle></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mn>0</mn></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mn>0</mn></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mn>5</mn><mi>i</mi></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo fence="true">]</mo></mrow></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A = \left[\begin{array}{c}
        1             &amp; -\dfrac{1}{2} &amp; -\dfrac{1}{2} &amp; 0
\\\\    -\dfrac{1}{2} &amp; \dfrac{3}{2}  &amp; i             &amp; 0
\\\\    0             &amp; -\dfrac{i}{2} &amp; 5             &amp; \dfrac{i}{2}
\\\\    -1            &amp; 0             &amp; 0             &amp; 5i
\end{array}\right]</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:10.8374em;vertical-align:-5.168700000000001em;"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen"><span class="delimsizing mult"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:5.662950000000001em;"><span style="top:1.3500599999999987em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A3;</span></span></span><span style="top:0.2000599999999988em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-0.3959400000000013em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-0.9919400000000014em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-1.5879400000000015em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.1839400000000015em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.7799400000000016em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.3759400000000013em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.9719400000000014em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.567940000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-5.163940000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-5.759940000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-6.355940000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-6.4219300000000015em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-7.662950000000001em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A1;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:5.150079999999999em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:5.668699999999999em;"><span style="top:-7.68378em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.33652em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span><span style="top:-6.15778em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.33652em;"></span><span class="mord"></span></span><span style="top:-4.47634em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.33652em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">2</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.95034em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.33652em;"></span><span class="mord"></span></span><span style="top:-1.2538199999999997em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.33652em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">0</span></span></span><span style="top:0.27218000000000125em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.33652em;"></span><span class="mord"></span></span><span style="top:1.472180000000001em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.33652em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:5.168700000000001em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:5.668699999999999em;"><span style="top:-7.68378em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.33652em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">2</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-4.47634em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.33652em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">2</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-1.2538200000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.33652em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.3365200000000002em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">2</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:1.47218em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.33652em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:5.1687em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:5.668699999999999em;"><span style="top:-7.68378em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.33652em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">2</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-4.47634em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.33652em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">i</span></span></span><span style="top:-1.2538200000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.33652em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">5</span></span></span><span style="top:1.47218em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.33652em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:5.1687em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:5.668699999999999em;"><span style="top:-7.68378em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.33652em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">0</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.47634em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.33652em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">0</span></span></span><span style="top:-1.2538200000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.33652em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.3365200000000002em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">2</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:1.47218em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.33652em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">5</span><span class="mord mathdefault">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:5.1687em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="delimsizing mult"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:5.662950000000001em;"><span style="top:1.3500599999999987em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A6;</span></span></span><span style="top:0.2000599999999988em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-0.3959400000000013em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-0.9919400000000014em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-1.5879400000000015em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.1839400000000015em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.7799400000000016em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.3759400000000013em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.9719400000000014em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.567940000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-5.163940000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-5.759940000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-6.355940000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-6.4219300000000015em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-7.662950000000001em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A4;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:5.150079999999999em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>&#x753B;&#x51FA;&#x77E9;&#x9635;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span>&#x7684;&#x5706;&#x76D8;&#x56FE;</p>
<p><strong>&#x89E3;</strong></p>
<p><img src="./images/eg_DISC1.png" alt></p>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E4%BE%8B2">&#x4F8B;2</h4>

<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>&#xD7;</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">[</mo><mtable rowspacing="0.15999999999999992em" columnalign="center" columnspacing="1em"><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mn>9</mn></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mn>1</mn></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mn>1</mn></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mn>0</mn></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mn>8</mn></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mn>1</mn></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mn>0</mn></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mn>4</mn></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mn>0</mn></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mn>2</mn></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mn>0</mn></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mn>0</mn></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo fence="true">]</mo></mrow></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A_{4&#xD7;4} = \left[\begin{array}{c}
    9 &amp; 1 &amp; -2 &amp; 1
\\  0 &amp; 8 &amp; 1  &amp; -4
\\ -1 &amp; 0 &amp; 4  &amp; 0
\\  2 &amp; 0 &amp; 0  &amp; -1
\end{array}\right]</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.891661em;vertical-align:-0.208331em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.301108em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">4</span><span class="mbin mtight">&#xD7;</span><span class="mord mtight">4</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.208331em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:4.80303em;vertical-align:-2.15003em;"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen"><span class="delimsizing mult"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.6529999999999996em;"><span style="top:-1.6499900000000003em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A3;</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.79999em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.3959900000000003em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.4119800000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.653em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A1;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.15003em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.6500000000000004em;"><span style="top:-4.8100000000000005em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">9</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.61em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">0</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.4099999999999997em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord">1</span></span></span><span style="top:-1.2099999999999997em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.1500000000000004em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.6500000000000004em;"><span style="top:-4.8100000000000005em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.61em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">8</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.4099999999999997em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">0</span></span></span><span style="top:-1.2099999999999997em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.1500000000000004em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.6500000000000004em;"><span style="top:-4.8100000000000005em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord">2</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.61em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.4099999999999997em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">4</span></span></span><span style="top:-1.2099999999999997em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.1500000000000004em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.6500000000000004em;"><span style="top:-4.8100000000000005em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.61em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord">4</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.4099999999999997em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">0</span></span></span><span style="top:-1.2099999999999997em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.1500000000000004em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="delimsizing mult"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.6529999999999996em;"><span style="top:-1.6499900000000003em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A6;</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.79999em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.3959900000000003em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.4119800000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.653em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A4;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.15003em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>&#x8BC1;&#x660E;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span>&#x81F3;&#x5C11;&#x6709;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x5B9E;&#x6839;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x89E3;</strong></p>
<p><img src="./images/eg_DISC2.png" alt></p>
<p><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span>&#x4E3A;&#x5B9E;&#x77E9;&#x9635;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi><mrow><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>E</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>A</mi></mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi><mo>=</mo><msup><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mn>4</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msup><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mn>3</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msup><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi><mi>A</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">|{&#x3BB;E-A}| = &#x3BB;^4 + a_2&#x3BB;^3 + a_3&#x3BB;^2 + a_4&#x3BB; + |A|</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.9474379999999999em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">4</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.0141079999999998em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">a</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.0141079999999998em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">a</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.84444em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">a</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">4</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathdefault">&#x3BB;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>&#x4E3A;&#x5B9E;&#x7CFB;&#x6570;&#x591A;&#x9879;&#x5F0F;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5DE6;&#x4FA7;&#x4EC5;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6839;&#xFF0C;&#x4E14;&#x5FC5;&#x4E3A;&#x5B9E;&#x6839;&#xFF08;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x865A;&#x6839;&#x6210;&#x5BF9;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#xFF09;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x53F3;&#x4FA7;&#x6709;&#x4E09;&#x4E2A;&#x6839;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x4E24;&#x79CD;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;</p>
<ul>
<li>2&#x865A;1&#x5B9E;</li>
<li>3&#x5B9E;</li>
</ul>
<p>&#x7EFC;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span>&#x81F3;&#x5C11;&#x6709;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x5B9E;&#x6839;&#x3002;</p>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E4%BE%8B3">&#x4F8B;3</h4>

<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>=</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">[</mo><mtable rowspacing="0.15999999999999992em" columnalign="center" columnspacing="1em"><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mn>4</mn></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mo lspace="0em" rspace="0em">&#x22EF;</mo></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>5</mn></mfrac></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mn>5</mn></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>5</mn></mfrac><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mo lspace="0em" rspace="0em">&#x22EF;</mo></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>5</mn></mfrac><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>6</mn></mfrac></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>6</mn></mfrac><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mn>6</mn></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mo lspace="0em" rspace="0em">&#x22EF;</mo></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>6</mn></mfrac><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x22EE;</mi><mpadded height="+0em" voffset="0em"><mspace mathbackground="black" width="0em" height="1.5em"></mspace></mpadded></mi></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x22EE;</mi><mpadded height="+0em" voffset="0em"><mspace mathbackground="black" width="0em" height="1.5em"></mspace></mpadded></mi></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x22EE;</mi><mpadded height="+0em" voffset="0em"><mspace mathbackground="black" width="0em" height="1.5em"></mspace></mpadded></mi></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mo lspace="0em" rspace="0em">&#x22F1;</mo></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x22EE;</mi><mpadded height="+0em" voffset="0em"><mspace mathbackground="black" width="0em" height="1.5em"></mspace></mpadded></mi></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></mfrac></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></mfrac><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mo lspace="0em" rspace="0em">&#x22EF;</mo></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></mfrac><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></mstyle></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo fence="true">]</mo></mrow></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A = \left[\begin{array}{c}
    4             &amp; \frac{1}{4}       &amp; (\frac{1}{4})^2 &amp; \cdots &amp; (\frac{1}{4})^{n-1}
\\
\\  \frac{1}{5}   &amp; 5                 &amp; (\frac{1}{5})^2 &amp; \cdots &amp; (\frac{1}{5})^{n-1}
\\
\\  \frac{1}{6}   &amp; (\frac{1}{6})^2   &amp; 6               &amp; \cdots &amp; (\frac{1}{6})^{n-1}
\\
\\  \vdots        &amp; \vdots            &amp; \vdots          &amp; \ddots &amp; \vdots
\\
\\  \frac{1}{n+3} &amp; (\frac{1}{n+3})^2 &amp; \cdots          &amp; (\frac{1}{n+3})^{n-1} &amp; n+3
\end{array}\right]</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:11.523762999999999em;vertical-align:-5.5118815em;"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen"><span class="delimsizing mult"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:5.963945000000002em;"><span style="top:1.6500649999999992em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A3;</span></span></span><span style="top:0.5000649999999993em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-0.09593500000000077em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-0.6919350000000009em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-1.287935000000001em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-1.883935000000001em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.479935000000001em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.075935000000001em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.671935000000001em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.267935000000001em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.8639350000000015em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-5.4599350000000015em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-6.055935000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-6.651935000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-6.722925000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A2;</span></span></span><span style="top:-7.963945000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A1;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:5.450085em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:6.011881499999999em;"><span style="top:-8.854273499999998em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.6875em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">4</span></span></span><span style="top:-7.6542734999999995em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.6875em;"></span><span class="mord"></span></span><span style="top:-6.449165499999999em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.6875em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.845108em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">5</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-5.249165499999999em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.6875em;"></span><span class="mord"></span></span><span style="top:-4.044057499999999em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.6875em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.845108em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">6</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.8440574999999986em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.6875em;"></span><span class="mord"></span></span><span style="top:-0.9840574999999985em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.6875em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x22EE;</span><span class="mord rule" style="border-right-width:0em;border-top-width:1.5em;bottom:0em;"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:0.21594250000000087em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.6875em;"></span><span class="mord"></span></span><span style="top:1.4210504999999993em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.6875em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.845108em;"><span style="top:-2.655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span><span class="mbin mtight">+</span><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.403331em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:5.511881499999999em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:6.011881499999999em;"><span style="top:-8.854273499999998em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.6875em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.845108em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">4</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-6.4491655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.6875em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">5</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.044057499999999em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.6875em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.845108em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">6</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-0.9840574999999989em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.6875em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x22EE;</span><span class="mord rule" style="border-right-width:0em;border-top-width:1.5em;bottom:0em;"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:1.4210505000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.6875em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.845108em;"><span style="top:-2.655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span><span class="mbin mtight">+</span><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.403331em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:5.5118815em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:6.011881499999999em;"><span style="top:-8.854273499999998em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.6875em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.845108em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">4</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-6.4491655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.6875em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.845108em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">5</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-4.044057499999999em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.6875em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">6</span></span></span><span style="top:-0.9840574999999989em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.6875em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x22EE;</span><span class="mord rule" style="border-right-width:0em;border-top-width:1.5em;bottom:0em;"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:1.4210505000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.6875em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="minner">&#x22EF;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:5.5118815em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:6.011881499999999em;"><span style="top:-8.666773499999998em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.5em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="minner">&#x22EF;</span></span></span><span style="top:-6.2616655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.5em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="minner">&#x22EF;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.856557499999999em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.5em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="minner">&#x22EF;</span></span></span><span style="top:-0.7965574999999989em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.5em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="minner">&#x22F1;</span></span></span><span style="top:1.6085505000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.5em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.845108em;"><span style="top:-2.655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span><span class="mbin mtight">+</span><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.403331em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span><span class="mbin mtight">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:5.5118815em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:6.011881499999999em;"><span style="top:-8.854273499999998em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.6875em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.845108em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">4</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span><span class="mbin mtight">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-6.4491655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.6875em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.845108em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">5</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span><span class="mbin mtight">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-4.044057499999999em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.6875em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.845108em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">6</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span><span class="mbin mtight">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-0.9840574999999989em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.6875em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x22EE;</span><span class="mord rule" style="border-right-width:0em;border-top-width:1.5em;bottom:0em;"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:1.4210505000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.6875em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">n</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:5.5118815em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="delimsizing mult"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:5.963945000000002em;"><span style="top:1.6500649999999992em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A6;</span></span></span><span style="top:0.5000649999999993em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-0.09593500000000077em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-0.6919350000000009em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-1.287935000000001em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-1.883935000000001em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.479935000000001em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.075935000000001em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.671935000000001em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.267935000000001em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.8639350000000015em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-5.4599350000000015em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-6.055935000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-6.651935000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-6.722925000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A5;</span></span></span><span style="top:-7.963945000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.1550000000000002em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size4"><span>&#x23A4;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:5.450085em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>&#x8BC1;&#x660E;&#x77E9;&#x9635;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span>&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x503C;&#x90FD;&#x4E3A;&#x5B9E;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x4E14;&#x53EF;&#x9006;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x76F8;&#x4F3C;&#x5BF9;&#x89D2;&#x5316;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x89E3;</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>&#x7B49;&#x6BD4;&#x6570;&#x5217;&#x524D;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">n</span></span></span></span>&#x9879;&#x548C;&#xFF1A;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>S</mi><mi>n</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup><mi>r</mi><mi>n</mi></msup></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>r</mi></mrow></mfrac></mstyle></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">S_n = a_1 \dfrac{1 - r^n}{1 - r}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">S</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.110722em;vertical-align:-0.7693300000000001em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">a</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.341392em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.664392em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7693300000000001em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>+</mo><msup><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mo>&#x22EF;</mo><mo>+</mo><msup><mi>r</mi><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup><mi>r</mi><mi>n</mi></msup></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>r</mi></mrow></mfrac></mstyle></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">1 + r + r^2 + \cdots + r^{n-1} = \dfrac{1 - r^n}{1 - r}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.72777em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.66666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.897438em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.66666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="minner">&#x22EF;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span><span class="mbin mtight">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.110722em;vertical-align:-0.7693300000000001em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.341392em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.664392em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7693300000000001em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>+</mo><msup><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mo>&#x22EF;</mo><mo>+</mo><msup><mi>r</mi><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup><mi>r</mi><mi>n</mi></msup></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>r</mi></mrow></mfrac></mstyle></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">r + r^2 + \cdots + r^{n-1} = \dfrac{r - r^n}{1 - r}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.66666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.897438em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.66666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="minner">&#x22EF;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span><span class="mbin mtight">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.110722em;vertical-align:-0.7693300000000001em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.341392em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.664392em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7693300000000001em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac></mstyle><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac></mstyle><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac></mstyle><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>3</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mo>&#x22EF;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac></mstyle><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mrow><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac></mstyle><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac></mstyle><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mi>n</mi></msup></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac></mstyle></mrow></mfrac></mstyle><mo>=</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac></mstyle><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><msup><mn>4</mn><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mfrac></mstyle><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac></mstyle><mo>&lt;</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mstyle></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">S_4(n-1) = \dfrac{1}{4} + (\dfrac{1}{4})^2 + (\dfrac{1}{4})^3 + \cdots + (\dfrac{1}{4})^{n-1} 
  = \dfrac{
      \dfrac{1}{4} - (\dfrac{1}{4})^{n}
  }{
      1 - \dfrac{1}{4}
  }
  = \dfrac{1}{3} ( 1 - \dfrac{1}{4^{n-1}} ) &lt; \dfrac{1}{3} &lt; \dfrac{1}{2}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">S</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">4</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathdefault">n</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">4</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">4</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">4</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.66666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="minner">&#x22EF;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">4</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span><span class="mbin mtight">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:4.29488em;vertical-align:-1.89744em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.39744em;"><span style="top:-2.11em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.32144em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">4</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.32144em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-4.3974400000000005em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.32144em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">4</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">4</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.664392em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.89744em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">3</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord">4</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.740108em;"><span style="top:-2.989em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span><span class="mbin mtight">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">3</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">2</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>5</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>5</mn></mfrac></mstyle><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>5</mn></mfrac></mstyle><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>5</mn></mfrac></mstyle><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>3</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mo>&#x22EF;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>5</mn></mfrac></mstyle><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mrow><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>5</mn></mfrac></mstyle><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>5</mn></mfrac></mstyle><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mi>n</mi></msup></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>5</mn></mfrac></mstyle></mrow></mfrac></mstyle><mo>=</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac></mstyle><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><msup><mn>5</mn><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mfrac></mstyle><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac></mstyle><mo>&lt;</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mstyle></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">S_5(n-1) = \dfrac{1}{5} + (\dfrac{1}{5})^2 + (\dfrac{1}{5})^3 + \cdots + (\dfrac{1}{5})^{n-1} = 
  \dfrac{
      \dfrac{1}{5} - (\dfrac{1}{5})^{n}
  }{
      1 - \dfrac{1}{5}
  }
  = \dfrac{1}{4} ( 1 - \dfrac{1}{5^{n-1}} ) &lt; \dfrac{1}{4} &lt; \dfrac{1}{2}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">S</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">5</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathdefault">n</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">5</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">5</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">5</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.66666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="minner">&#x22EF;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">5</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span><span class="mbin mtight">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:4.29488em;vertical-align:-1.89744em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.39744em;"><span style="top:-2.11em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.32144em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">5</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.55144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.32144em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-4.3974400000000005em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.32144em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">5</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">5</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.664392em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.89744em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">4</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord">5</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.740108em;"><span style="top:-2.989em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">n</span><span class="mbin mtight">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">4</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">2</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>S</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mrow><mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></mfrac></mstyle><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><msup><mi>i</mi><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mfrac></mstyle><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mrow><mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></mfrac></mstyle><mo>&lt;</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mstyle><mo separator="true">,</mo><mtext>&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;</mtext><mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2265;</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow><annotation 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mathdefault">n</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.09077em;vertical-align:-0.7693300000000001em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">i</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7693300000000001em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" 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style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.09077em;vertical-align:-0.7693300000000001em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">i</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7693300000000001em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">2</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span><span class="mspace">&#xA0;</span></span><span class="mord mathdefault">i</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&#x2265;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">4</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p>&#x6545;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x753B;&#x51FA;&#x5706;&#x76D8;&#x56FE;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x56FE;&#x6240;&#x793A;</p>
<p><img src="./images/eg_DISC3.png" alt></p>
<p><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">n</span></span></span></span>&#x4E2A;&#x5706;&#x76D8;&#x4E92;&#x4E0D;&#x76F8;&#x4EA4;&#xFF0C;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">n</span></span></span></span>&#x4E2A;&#x5706;&#x76D8;&#x5747;&#x5728;&#x53F3;&#x534A;&#x5E73;&#x9762;&#x5373;&#x4E0D;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x539F;&#x70B9;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6240;&#x4EE5;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span>&#x6709;&#x4E2A;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">n</span></span></span></span>&#x4E2A;&#x4E92;&#x4E0D;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x5B9E;&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x6545;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">A</span></span></span></span>&#x53EF;&#x9006;&#x4E14;&#x53EF;&#x76F8;&#x4F3C;&#x5BF9;&#x89D2;&#x5316;&#x3002;</p>

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